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Stalactites and stalagmites |
As against many other breeds limestone is dissolved by rain water. In it there are all over again the thin cracks turning then in wide cracks - ponors, and during millenia - in meter tunnels which hardly constrain a pressure of water. On the rocks which have been not subject to washout, water flows down on a surface, forming ручьи and the rivers. But in karstic area rain water disappears in cracks of limestone and continues the way already under the ground. On border of calcareous mountains, there, where deep valleys dissect mountain хребты, water at last is again pulled out on a surface by powerful keys. Some from these sources follow from clefts. But there are examples when the underground stream, being pulled out from a mouth of a cave, is overthrown by an effective falls from significant height. It is those Abshir’s a falls in the south of republic. At the output in a valley from height 35м from an inaccessible input in a cave the powerful karstic falls falls. Rain water at all so is pure. From air she grasps carbonic gas and due to this turns to weak carbonic acid. Even more carbonic gas rain water receives filtering through ground as this gas is formed at decomposition of the vegetative rests and humus. 10 litres of the rain water enriched with carbonic gas, can dissolve about 9 grammes of limestone. Thus, all for 600000 years, and for a history of the Earth it is rather small term, the microscopic crack can turn in колодец or the underground channel at least meter diameter. This reaction underlies processes of formation of a karst in files of limestone. Gradually channels of underground streams go deep into rock and then the caves located above are drained. It is difficult to imagine, that the simple drop of water is the founder not only caves, but also all unusual underground world. Having done a long way, the droplet hangs on a ceiling of a cave. Повисит also will break, but remain on its place absolutely invisible stone small pellicle. Then will appear and the second will fall, the third, the fourth. So, the drop behind a drop, for long years will grow on this place a stone tubule which in due course закупоривает a deposit, and drops flow down already on its surface. The layer behind a layer on a tubule отлагается a carbonate of calcium, and, similarly to a spring icicle, from a ceiling of a cave, slowly accrueing, goes down a stalactite. The sizes of stalactites are various - from several centimeters up to ten meters. Not had time to evaporate from a surface of a stalactite water falls on a bottom of a cave in the same place, and on a floor the counter limy cone - stalagmite gradually accrues. It all becomes higher and higher, while at last will not incorporate to a stalactite, forming the limy column which is propping up vaults of a cave. These columns are white or slightly painted in pink, green or others of tone depending on the mineral impurity dissolved of water.
About caves of Kirghizia you can esteem also here
http://speleo.net.ru |
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In the south of republic in междуречье Aravan and Ak-Bura, in solar foothills where in the summer струится air, as if islands of archipelago, the country Chil-Ustun was stretched. Karstic останцы, having built by three numbers, hide in the bowels tens stalactite caves. Main cave Chil-Ustun is located in 4км from Aravan. Beauty of a underground empire are incomparable. Horizontal cavity of Chil-Ustun in length 370м will consist of three spacious halls connected by narrow corridors. The most impressing third hall, which length more 100м, width up to 50м, and height more 20м. The hall props up set of a moisture sparkling from game and light of effective columns. Walls are covered with crystals and stone laces. Crystals are not silent. They store in themselves bewitching music of the last centuries which starts to sound from an easy touch. |
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